Development of the dairy products incorporated with co-product bioactive compounds-rich as an alternative ingredient in the food industry.

The objective was to optimize the phenolic compounds extraction from cocoa shells using the simplex-centroid design with a mixture of solvents (water, methanol, and acetone) as its components, to prove the presence of these compounds and antioxidant activity. Also, the development of dairy products, such as milk beverages and dairy desserts, with bioactive compounds, through the replacement of cocoa powder by cocoa shell was studied and evaluated sensorially. The extraction optimization indicated that a solvent with 56.44% water, 23.77% methanol, and 19.80% acetone are ideal for maximizing the phenolic compounds. In addition, the cocoa shell showed a high antioxidant activity by the methods ß-carotene/linoleic acid, FRAP, and phosphomolybdenum complex. The Check-All-That-Apply, Cochran's Q test, contingency analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis allowed description characteristics of the dairy products and showed sensory differences between formulations with 100% cocoa shell and others. Both dairy products had good sensory acceptance in all attributes evaluated (appearance, flavor, texture, and overall impression), and their scores did not differ statistically by Tukey's test (p > 0.05). Thus, the cocoa shell is shown as an alternative substitute ingredient to be used in the dairy industry.

NIR and MIR spectroscopy for quick detection of the adulteration of cocoa content in chocolates.

The Near (NIR) and Mid (MIR) Infrared Spectroscopy associated with chemometric techniques were used to determine the cocoa solids content in chocolates and detect possible adulterations. Five chocolate formulations (30% to 90%) were produced with different cocoa solids concentrations and 110 commercial samples from 10 different countries with varying concentrations of cocoa solids (30% to 88%) were acquired. All repetions of the produced and commercial chocolates were evaluated using NIR and MIR. Spectroscopic data were submitted to multivariate techniques of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS). For both spectroscopy techniques, the PCA of the 5 formulations formed 5 distinct groups regarding the cocoa solids and the commercial samples showed a behavior pattern similar to the produced samples. For PLS, the regression equations showed high predictive capacity, with correlation coefficients above 90 and RMSECV values of 0.70 and 1.22, for NIR and MIR, respectively. These models highlighted, approximately, 14% of the commercial samples as possible adulterated products.

Extração assistida por ultrassom de casca de pitaya vermelha: fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante / Ultrasound assisted extraction of red pitaya peel: total phenolics and antioxidant capacity

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo, avaliar a eficiência da extração assistida por ultrassom no teor de fenólicos totais e na capacidade antioxidante na casca de pitaya em água e solução hidroetanólica em diferentes proporções, pelo método ABTS•+ e sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoleico. A extração da casca de pitaya em água (33,02±0,35 mg EAG.100 g-1) não diferiu do hidroetanólico 60% (31,34±1,68 mg EAG.100 g-1) e 70% (28,36±0,12 mg EAG.100 g-1) para fenólicos totais e pelo método ABTS•+ (20,82±1,02; 22,97±1,02 e 27,26±1,21 CE50 mg.mL-1, respectivamente), entretanto, a amostra aquosa apresentou maior percentual de inibição de oxidação (95,74±0,04) pelo sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoleico. O resíduo tem potencial para ser utilizado como ingrediente funcional no desenvolvimento de novos produtos na indústria alimentícia.

Subproduto de tamarindo: caracterização físico-química, fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante / By-product of tamarindo: chemical composition, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo determinar a caracterização físico-química, fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante do resíduo desidratado do processamento da polpa de tamarindo. Foram obtidos valores consideráveis de proteína (5,26 g.100 g-1), gordura total (8,76 g.100 g-1), cinzas (2,94 g.100 g-1) e fibra bruta (35,98 g.100 g-1), indicando alto valor nutricional. Apresentou pH de 3,2, acidez total titulável de 2,82 g.100 g-1 de ácido tartárico e baixo teor de umidade (7,34 g.100 g-1). A farinha obtida apresentou 1902,43 mg GAE.100 g-1 de amostra em fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante expressa em CE50 de 0,19 e 0,25 mg.mL-1 avaliadas pelos ensaios do DPPH e ABTS, respectivamente. A partir dos resultados observados, pode-se inferir que a farinha obtida apresenta potencial como ingrediente funcional na indústria de alimentos.

Determinação do perfil de textura e aplicação da análise de componentes principais para identificação de queijos coalho produzidos em diferentes mesorregiões da Bahia / Determination of the texture profile and application of the PCA for identification of coalho cheese produced in different mesorregions of Bahia

A textura do queijo coalho, produto tradicional do Nordeste brasileiro, é uma característica importante para a sua qualidade, contudo cada estado apresenta suas particularidades. Considerando a escassez de pesquisas que analisam a textura de queijos coalho da Bahia, objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar a Analise do Perfil de Textura (APT) de queijos coalho de diferentes mesorregiões da Bahia aplicando a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Os ensaios foram realizados em quintuplicata e os parâmetros avaliados foram dureza, elasticidade, coesividade e mastigabilidade. A dureza e mastigabilidade não apresentaram diferença significativa entre as amostras, sendo notado um alto coeficiente de variação para todos os parâmetros, evidenciando falta de padronização no processo produtivo dos queijos. Com a aplicação da ACP não foi observada a separação entre as amostras, com exceção da mesorregião Sul, que apresentou resultados elevados para todos os parâmetros de textura avaliados.

Natural antioxidants used in meat products: A brief review.

The lipoperoxidation and the oxidation of pigments and proteins reduces the quality and nutritional value of meat products. The use of antioxidants slows down this reaction, preserving the characteristics of the product during its storage and prolonging its useful life. The use of synthetic antioxidants in food products has been the subject of several toxicological studies. Currently, the call for antioxidants from natural sources stands out. Investigations in this sense should be conducted considering the complex mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interactions with cellular constituents to elucidate the mechanism of action of synthetic antioxidants and natural sources. Although natural additives appear as an alternative to meet the various market niches and associate natural antioxidants to active packaging as they are progressively released into the product. In this review, we present research with natural antioxidants that could be used satisfactorily in meat products, in addition to recent studies that use them in active packaging.